TERMINOLOGI MILITER/ENGLISH VERSION

MILITARY TERMINOLOGY ON COMMUNICATION



1. General. A reliable, robust and flexible communication network is the basic requirement for any military mission. The military communications encompasses all means of communication media such as VHF,HF/UHF radio, microwave links, optical fiber connectivity and satellite-based communication. All operations in the mission area generally revolve around good and reliable communications which provide flexibility in operation. Hence the importance of communications in support of the troops involved in the military operations needs no further elaboration.


2. Voice Procedure. These instructions apply to all users of radio operators, including those on the battalion nets. The language used on all radio nets is the operational language only, excluding battalion nets.
The following general rules apply whenever the radio is used :

a. Unofficial and unnecessary conversation will be avoided; this includes the use of please, thank you, how are you, etc.

b. Be brief put precise; leave out all unnecessary words without losing the meaning of the message;

c. THINK BEFORE YOU SPEAK. Avoid the use of “um” and “ah”; if you do not know what you want to say, don’t transmit;

d. Speak in short complete phrases that make sense, not word by word;

e. A medium speed of speech is the most effective; do not speak too quickly or too slowly;

f. Speak into the mike in an ordinary voice, neither shouting nor whispering; talk directly into the mike, keeping it a short distance from your mouth;

g. Speak clearly, taking care in pronunciation.



3. Phonetic Alphabet/Numbers. Because letters and numbers from a significant part of many military conversations and because geographic/regional accents can cause misunderstanding and errors when communication conditions are poor, the following phonetic alphabet and number pronunciation has been devised and is in use internationally.


PHONETIC ALPHABET


A – Alpha F – Foxtrot K – Kilo P – Papa U – Uniform Z – Zulu
B – Bravo G – Golf L – Lima Q – Quebec V – Victor
C – Charlie H – Hotel M – Mike R – Radio W – Whiskey
D – Delta I – India N – November S – Sierra X – X-Ray
E – Echo J – Juliet O – Oscar T – Tango Y – Yankee


1 – Wun 2 – Too 3 – Tree 4 – Fow-er 5 – Five 6 – Six
7 – Sev-en 8 – Aite 9 – Nin-er 0 – Ze-ro

Signal Strength and Readability

In answer to the pro-word “Radio Check” only the following are to be used:

Signal Strength Readability
Loud Clear
Good Readable
Weak Unreadable
Very Weak Distorted
Fading With interference

If the station requesting a Radio Check is loud and clear, the proper reply is A Roger.

eg. ZERO FROM ONE – RADIO CHECK – OVER
ZERO - ROGER – OVER
ONE – ROGER – OUT





Pro – Words

A pro-word is a word or phrase which has been given a special meaning in order to speed up the handling of message. The following pro-words are the only pro-words authorized for use on radio nets:

PRO-WORD MEANING

All after the portion of the message to which I am referring is all that
which follows.

All before the portion of the message to which I am referring is all that
which precedes.

AMR Approximate Map Reference.

Break I hereby indicate the separation of the text from other portion
of the message.

Call Sign the group that follows is call sign.

Correct you are correct or what you have transmitted is correct.

Correction an error has been made in transmission. Transmission will
continue with the last word correctly transmitted.

Disregard this
Transmission-out this transmission is in error. Disregard it (this proword shall not be used to cancel any message that has been completely and for which receipt or acknowledgement has been).

Exempt the addressees immediately following are exempted from the
collective call.

Fetch used to arrange a conversation with an individual. Bring
a certain person to the radio.

Figures numbers follow.

Flash precedence FLASH. Reserved for initial enemy contact reports on special emergency operational combat traffic originated by specifically designated high commanders of units directly affected.

From this transmission is from call sign…

Groups this message contains the number of groups indicated.

Info the addressees immediately following are addressed for information.

I Read Back I will say what I have received from you (used as an answer to
Read Back only).

I Say Again I am repeating what I have transmitted before.

I Spell phonetic letters follow.

I Verify that which follows has been verified with the originator at your
request and is repeated. Used as a reply to Verify.

Long Message a message that will take longer than 30 seconds to
transmit is about to follow.

Message a message which requires recording is about to follow.

More to Follow more text of the same message yet to come.

No no (do not use negative).

Out this is the end of my transmission to you and no answer is required or expected (since OVER and OUT have opposite
meaning, they are never used together).

Over I am finished so far; a reply is needed.

Priority precedence PRIORITY. Reserved for important message which must have precedence over routine traffic. This is the highest precedence which normally may be assigned to a message of nature.

Read Back repeat my entire transmission to me as you have received it.

Replay to pass the following message to.

Roger message received and understood.

Routine precedence ROUTINE. Reserved for all types of messages
which are not sufficient urgency to justify a higher precedence, but must be delivered to the addressee without delay.

Say Again repeat all of your last transmission.

Service the message that follows is a service message.

Silence “cease transmission immediately”. Silence will be maintained until lifted (transmission imposing silence must be authenticated).

Silence Lifted silence is lifted when an authentication system is in force, the transmission lifting silence is to be authenticated).

Speak Slower your transmission is too fast a speed. Reduce speed of Transmission.

This is this transmission is from the station whose designator immediately follows.

Time that which immediately follows is the time or date/time group of the message.

To the addressees immediately following are addressed for action.

Unknown Station I do not know the identity of the station calling me.

Verify verify the entire message (or portion indicated) with the originator and send the correct version.

Wait I must pause for a few seconds.

Wait-Out I must pause for longer than a few seconds.

Wilco I have received the message, understand it, and will personally comply with its instructions.

Words After The words of the message to which I refer are those which follow.

Word Before The word of the message to which I refer is that which precedes.

Word Twice Communication is difficult. Say each phrase twice. This pro-word may be a request or to inform the other station that you are saying all words twice.

Wrong your last transmission was incorrect. The correct version is..

Yes, No self-explanatory.

The following pro-word are incorrect and their use is to be avoided :

Affirmative, Negative (if in place of “yes” or “no”).

Roger, Wilco (as a combination).

Over and Out (as a combination).

Repeat (if an place of “Say Again”).



GLOSSARY

antenna - a device used to radiate or receive electromagnetic energy.
The type of antenna being used affects the range of the radio equipment.

authentication - a security measure designated to protect a communication system against fraudulent message by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator.
We use authentication to guarantee that the sending station is friendly.

breakage - the action of or instance of breaking.
Enemy artillery may cause breakage of wire lines.

intercept - to listen to, observe and/or record signals intended for another party for the purpose of obtaining intelligence.
The enemy may intercept and respond to our visual signal.

interference - any undesired signal that tends to obstruct the desired signal.
Enemy interference prevented reception of the message.

jamming - the deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of disrupting enemy use of electromagnetic devices, equipment, or systems; deliberate interference intended to prevent reception of signals in a specific frequency band.
By using anti-jamming techniques, you can reduce the effects of enemy jamming.

network - an organization of terminals capable of communication with each other for a common purpose; a system consisting of a number of designated station connected with one another by any means of communication.

A wire network is more secure than a radio network.

panel makers - large rectangular pieces of cloth or wood used as symbols in communications.
When your radio equipment is inoperable, use panel markers.

power lines - cables through which electricity flows.
Electromagnetic energy from power lines may interfere with radio signals.

prosign - procedure sign; letters, numbers and letters that have a coded meaning when combined.
Prosign are used to facilitate rapid communication.

proword - procedural word; a word or phrase used to facilitate communications by conveying information in condensed standard form.
Prowords are used in military communication to keep transmissions as short and clear as possible.

pyrotechnics - use of fireworks as signals.
Tonight, we will use pyrotechnics to signal our rescue aircraft.

radiotelephone - equipment for carrying on wireless telephony by radio waves.
One soldier is assigned to carry the radiotelephone.

secure - protected against access by unauthorized personnel, as a secure line or network for communication of classified information.
All radio transmissions should be sent on a secure line.

sigint - signal intelligence.
SIGINT results from collecting, locating, processing, analyzing, and reporting intercepted communications signals, and radiation from electronic sources.

site - place; location.
Selecting the best site for your radio will insure more reliable communications.

squelch - a control that silences background noise in a radio so that signals above the background can be heard.
If the squelch is not set properly, background noise will be heard.

static - sharp, short bursts of noise on a radio receiver caused by natural or man-made electrical disturbances.
Our radio reception was poor because of the static.

terrain - piece of land; ground.
Laying wires over hilly and mountainous terrain is difficult.

transmissions - the passage of radio waves in space between transmitting and receiving stations; signals transmitted.
Your radio transmissions may be monitored by the enemy.


Sumber :DEPHAN RI